By now, most people have heard about the new edition of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn being released next month. In it, the n-word has been slashed 219 times and replaced by “slave.” Discussions over this edition have been loud, particularly in literary and education circles. Erasing the n-word would, theoretically, free teachers to teach Huck Finn again. After all, year after year, the novel appears on the American Library Association’s list of most frequently challenged or banned books.
But what have we heard from our young people about this issue?
On our first day back from winter break, I challenged my students to read about the controversy and then to enter the debate. This year, they have already read Of Mice and Men, in which the character Crooks is victimized with the slur. We are about to begin To Kill a Mockingbird, which is often challenged for its use of the n-word.
I teach in a community in which books have not been banned—at least so far. For this debate, I asked my students many questions, among them, “If I could have given you a copy of Of Mice and Men that did not have the n-word, should I have done so?”
“Absolutely not,” was the sentiment of the majority of my eighth-grade students of all races. Leave Mark Twain alone. And John Steinbeck. And Harper Lee. We are mature. We have heard worse. We trust our teachers to put the word in context, to teach about the word.
My students seem to understand the danger inherent in fiddling with history. Perhaps Andrew explained this best.
“…the n-word being replaced with slave, slave being replaced with servant, servant being replaced with assistant, assistant being replaced with secretary, and, before you know it, there were no slaves.”
Zachary echoed his concerns.
“Tainting Mark Twain’s words would increasingly soften and lighten the load that he is placing on our shoulders, until the shadow of slavery and the use of the ‘n-word’ is a tall tale.”
They are 14-year-olds and want to be treated maturely. They want to be viewed as capable of handling complex texts and emotionally charged words.
I feel like cheering when they so eloquently grasp the destructive power of censorship.
But then, I am not a 14-year-old African-American girl, like Jordan.
Jordan does not often offer opinions in class discussion, but in an online forum she boldly stated, “Yes, I do agree with the choice to remove the n-word, because that word makes me feel uncomfortable and makes me want to throw the book in a pit of fire and dance on the ashes!”
I don’t want Jordan to dance on the ashes. I want her to love literature, to feel empowered by it. I want her to read the n-word and understand why the writer used it, to put it in context. But ultimately, I doubt that I will be able to convince Jordan of anything. I suspect that she will feel what she feels—angry and disenfranchised.
Do I ignore Jordan’s pleas because, after all, she is a small voice in an anti-censorship parade? Do we reconcile the tension by offering two stacks of books, one with original versions and one with the “purified” adaptations, allowing students to choose? Do we silence our students (and our parents) and make decisions based solely on our own moral sense of the power of words and purpose of literature?
The removal of the n-word will not begin and end with The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. So as teachers, we must decide as a matter of philosophy whose voices will reign.
What do you think?
Baker is a middle school language arts teacher in Missouri.



Comments
I believe that there are many
I believe that there are many legitimate directions one can take when approaching the question of whether the "n-word" should be removed from "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn." The first legitimate direction, I feel, is to approach it in context of the events of the last couple weeks. Ultimately, at its very root, the sort of violent language that conservatives were accused of using was exactly like "that opinion makes me uncomfortable and makes me want to hurt those responsible." The very essence of the push to censor is "that makes me uncomfortable" or "that offends me" followed by "let us get together and throw it in a pit of fire and dance on the ashes." Of course Jordan's opinion is legitimate and ought to be respected but there is a reason I'm quoting her: her emotional knee-jerk sentiment expresses the impulse to reject and destroy what upsets us instead of confronting it and pushing passed the pain to be better for it.
Another direction of approach is to consider who wrote these words. More often than not, black rap artists who use the "n-word" in their music are not taken to task for the use; for whatever reason, the use is deemed to be different than a harmful use. It is wholly credible to point out that Mark Twain, who was an abolitionist, put the derogatory term for a black person in the mouth of Huckleberry Finn as a powerful story device. The book is a story about a white boy who grows up in a culture where "n-word" is just the word one uses for a black person and by degrees, realizes the humanity of Jim and comes to regard him as a friend. It is no accident that Mark Twain is an extremely well-regarded author: his language was deliberate and meaningful and our role as modern readers and scholars of his work is to discover and confront the meaning of Twain's choices.
One last direction to use is to examine the why of the language. Like Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin", Twain meant to prick the consciences of readers and make them confront very hard things. It is good for students, especially students offended by his choice in words, to face down those hard things; diminishing the work by replacing a word allows a student to avoid a confrontation that will make them better and for that reason, we cannot afford to do it. It is tragic that in our larger culture, there is social pressure to treat language like a soap bubble, fearing to use certain words out of fear of causing offense. In the end, no one benefits because the racist will be validated by the implication that other races are too fragile to handle all but the most careful wording, the anti-racist will be discouraged by the feeling that even in their most noble intentions they can be found to have trespassed, and those who may be offended are infantalized by never having to face down anything they don't want to. The entire point of language is to communicate accurately and if we strip an admirable author of an offensive word, we are deliberately choosing to remove part of the man's message and thus corrupting the entire purpose of studying his writing.
No good ever comes of censorship, ever. When we are tempted to ban one offense, the temptation to ban the next is even stronger; all censorship can be justified by "I am offended; destroy that which offends me." Perhaps Jordan is hurt and emotionally-wounded by "n-word" in Mark Twain's work but like a Christian who may one day be called upon to swallow the bitter pill of policies (like gay marriage) that offend them, her wounds will callous over and she will be stronger when the next offense comes--and it WILL come. This is a situation where our responsibility as teachers is most important, when we can help our students with some hardness or cripple them with softness.
Well said, Mr. Moore! I
Well said, Mr. Moore! I wonder whether Jordan is offended by the use of the n word between black friends, as in some Rap (great example), in a way to remember, but not to harm.
It is obvious that the n-word
It is obvious that the n-word and Jordan's anger toward the word are related to something painful in her past. Until she faces the issue and gets past it, it will always offend her, and like you said--it Will come. We all have a trigger word or song or something that brings us back to the past, whether it be good or bad. As she gets older, she will get wiser none the less.
Jordon or any other Black
Jordon or any other Black person has to feel the way she feels because it is denigrading to her culture for a non Black person to use it and to see it written in American Liturature....well that just does not make it right either classic or no, its should be deleted or handles in a good way by the Teacher. Whether she and her friends use the N word among themselves or within their family is their choice. I'm sure she knows better to use it in Public, just like our teenagers might curse among themselves, but dare not in front of an adult. I understand Jordons' point, I am a Native American, in my day I had to read us described as Sqaw, Savage, Heathens. I had to read aloud these words knowing I was Indian and hear snickers among the white kids. I don't remember in American Literature ever reading about how Hawthorne admired the Natives and wanted to live and learn from them. The Education in American is "Sorry" I have to say when you are not white. Indians don't want to be White, Blacks don't want to be white, but Whites want take and learn and emulate, but never give credit. It's time to move forward White People and allow us to stand beside you or even in front for a change....no not to take over but to be kinda for a change, its been a long time coming!
I agree. I am a "white"
I agree. I am a "white" American ( by the way, I had no choice - I was born that way.) I strongly agree that our country's history is totally biased towards only the "white" race. I am married to a different race than my own and it is challenging to teach our children about their history when the schools do not teach a cultural history of all Americans. The Native Indians have been "enslaved" for hundreds of years by the cultural stigmatisms that engulf our society. The African Americans are beginning to have some "influence" in changing the sterotypes but racial bias is still prevalent in literature and in our society. The Asian and Latino's are also a "neglected" group in depicting ACURATE AMERICAN HISTORY. We, as a country, must continue to fight for our children to be able to live in a world where one day, with the grace of God, we can hopefully see the equality of our peoples that so many in the past have fought for.
exactly.
exactly.
it should be taken out
it should be taken out because it offensive to some people