In the face of extreme punishment for enslaved people and breaking the law for whites, roughly 5 percent of the enslaved population learned to read and write. Letters like the ones written below show the lengths they would go to learn.
A. J. McElveen writes to the Charleston, South Carolina, enslaver Z. B. Oakes, about an enslaved man named Isaac. McElveen describes Isaac as a genius, painter, cook, carriage driver, violinist, etc.